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Some mathematical functions in Python 2.x
In Python 2.x, to be able to use mathematical functions, you need to import the Python math library with the following command line:
import math

Then, all mathematical functions from the math library become available.

Example :
>> import math
>> math.cos(math.pi)

This succession of instructions returns the value of $$cos(\pi)$$, namely -1.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of the functions available in the Python math library:

• To calculate the logarithm of a number (natural logarithm to base $$e$$): $$\ln(x)$$
• math.log(x)

• To calculate the exponential of a number: $$e^x$$ (ou $$\exp(x)$$)
• math.exp(x)

• To calculate the square root of a number: $$\sqrt{x}$$
• math.sqrt(x)

• To calculate the cosine of a number: $$\cos(x)$$
• math.cos(x)

• To calculate the sine of a number: $$\sin(x)$$
• math.sin(x)

• To calculate the tangent of a number: $$tan(x)$$
• math.tan(x)

• To use the number pi: $$\pi$$
• math.pi

• To calculate the power of a number: $$x^y$$
• math.pow(x,y)

• To get the closest integer smaller than a number (the integral part): the greatest integer less than or equal to x
• math.floor(x)

• To get the closest integer greater than a number: the smallest integer greater than or equal to x
• math.ceil(x)

• To calculate the absolute value of a number: $$\lvert x \rvert$$
• math.fabs(x)

• To calculate the factorial of an integer: $$x!$$
• math.factorial(x)

If you have any comments or questions about the math library of Python 2.x, you can discuss them in the forum: Discussion forums.